Fig. 1

Workflow of the study. This study consists of three steps: panel design, model training and validation. In the panel design step, potential mutation and methylation markers were selected using public database. In the training cohort, feature selection and model construction were separately performed for each type of individual genomic feature. Then, an integrated model was constructed, which used the outputs of each individual model as inputs to generate the final prediction model. The integrated model was subsequently validated in the validation cohort. HC, healthy controls. RF, random forest. LR, logistic regression