Fig. 2
From: Effects of super-enhancers in cancer metastasis: mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Mechanisms responsible for the formation of SEs. aDe novo generation of TF binding sites through genomic rearrangements, sequence insertions/deletions, or translocations in the genome. b Structural variations or epigenetic dysregulation can modify the three-dimensional chromatin structure, causing abnormal interactions between SEs and promoters, consequently enhancing the expression of nearby oncogenes. c Specific proteins or TFs encoded by viruses (such as EBV, HTLV-I) promote the formation of SEs in infected cells. d Persistently active signaling pathways trigger the activation of effective TFs to bind to susceptible genomic regions, initiating the generation of SEs