Fig. 2

The main immunotherapy strategies in osteosarcoma. In osteosarcoma, the relatively well-studied immunotherapies include: immune checkpoint inhibitors (with targets such as PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, CD47 and TIGIT), adoptive cell therapies (such as CAR-T, CAR-M and CAR-NK), dendritic cell vaccines, and bispecific antibodies (targeting HER2 or GD2 and CD3). TAA: tumor-associated antigen