Fig. 5
The migration ability of cancer cells expressing different VH intrabodies. A MTT assays indicated that the expression of single-chain antibody genes did not significantly impact cell viability in vitro. B Migration images of HeLa and LLC cells transiently transfected with different single-chain antibody genes at various time points (showing effective expression of exogenous genes) in scratch assays. The orange box represents the unhealed area. The black dashed lines indicate the edge lines of adherent cells; the green double arrows indicate the distance between the edge lines. C Schematic diagrams showing the inhibitory effects of the intrabodies against HeLa and LLC cell migration in scratch assays. The cells without transfection (HeLa-Blank or LLC-Blank) and the cells transfected only with vector plasmids (HeLa-EGFP or LLC-EGFP) were used as controls. *, **, *** represent significant differences compared to the control group at the levels of P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001, respectively. D Invasion of LLC tumor cells (in mice models) transiently expressing single-chain intrabody to mouse liver tissues. VEGFR2 was determined as a tumor cell biomarker protein. E Invasion of LLC cells transiently expressing VH intrabody to mice lung tissues. Lung sections were from mice inoculated with LLC tumor cells which transiently expressed FAP1 (a), FAV2 (b), FAP1V2 (c) and those transfected with vector plasmid (d)